What type of ish is this pt

Know your probe. Always check the specification sheet to determine the suitability of your method for a particular probe. Carefully control temperature and time to provide optimal hybridization conditions. These must be exactly right to ensure that maximum specific binding occurs. Choose appropriate pretreatment and optimization conditions. These will depend on fixation and tissue type.

Use of the same enzyme pretreatment conditions for different probes may sometimes produce poor results. Careful handling of tissue specimens and prompt fixation will limit the loss of RNA by the action of endogenous RNases.

Careless handling of tissue specimens and delayed fixation will encourage the loss of RNA by the action of endogenous RNases. Choose a sensitive detection and visualization system and optimize incubation conditions. A lack of sensitivity in the detection and visualization system can result in very weak or even negative staining even though the probe is bound to a target. Prevent evaporation of the probe solution and other reagents during incubation. Because of the need for long incubation times drying of the reagents is a common problem.

The use of good quality equipment is essential. If the probe or other reagents dry out on the section usually at the edges it can cause heavy, non-specific staining in areas. Use standardized washing steps throughout duration, volume and form of agitation. This will ensure consistency of results. Results are variable within runs with the same probe and between runs on different days.

This can be due to different washing techniques used by different operators. Use appropriate controls with every run. This should include known positive tissue and a negative control using a non-specific probe. Know what to look for and where to look when evaluating your test sections and controls after staining.

Anyone undertaking ISH should have a fundamental knowledge of the underlying theory of the technique and where to find positive staining. If any staining is observed in test sections, it is assumed the stains are satisfactory. Geoffrey Rolls is a Histology Consultant with decades of experience in the field.

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Want to see all Steps to Better Histology? Download Steps to Better Histology now! Apply for self-reported educational credits. Use High Quality Sections. This poor quality section shows lifting and background staining HPV. Avoid Section Adhesion Problems.

A line of thick protein-based section adhesive has stained adjacent to the section breast,PR. Optimize Wax Removal and Reagent Application. High blood pressure may play a role in dementia and cognitive decline over time. Reduced blood flow to the brain causes memory and thinking problems. You might have trouble remembering or understanding things, or lose focus during conversations.

The same damage that high blood pressure causes to blood vessels and arteries in the heart can happen to the arteries in the brain. Your survival rate and likelihood of permanent brain damage depends on how severe the stroke is and how fast you receive treatment. Blood vessels in the eyes can be damaged as well. If they burst or bleed, it can cause vision difficulties, like blurriness or blindness. Fluid buildup under the retina is called choroidopathy.

High blood pressure can cause bone loss, known as osteoporosis , by increasing the amount of calcium your body gets rid of when you urinate. Women who have already gone through menopause are especially at risk. Like the brain and heart, arteries in the lungs can be damaged and blocked. This is very serious and requires immediate medical attention. An aneurysm can also happen in the lung. Research has linked the condition to high blood pressure, since many people who are diagnosed with sleep apnea also have high blood pressure.

Your sexual organs use extra blood flow during arousal. When high blood pressure causes blockages to the blood vessels leading to the penis or vagina, sexual dysfunction may occur. Men may have a hard time getting and maintaining an erection and women might experience:.

Your kidneys help remove waste from the blood, regulate blood volume and pressure, and filter waste out through urine. In order to do this well, they need healthy blood vessels. High blood pressure can damage the larger blood vessels leading to your kidneys and the smaller vessels inside your kidneys. Over time, this damage prevents the kidneys from doing their job properly. This is called kidney disease and can lead to kidney failure.

High blood pressure is one of the major causes of kidney failure. People with kidney failure no longer have the ability to remove waste from their body and will either need dialysis or a transplant.

Hypertension causes damage slowly over a long period of time without noticeable symptoms. You should also have your blood pressure checked and know your numbers. Blood pressure can be managed and being aware of your high blood pressure can help you and your doctor to control it better.

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